fix: keep valueless query parameters when casting to a string

Valueless query parameters (for example ?foo) are stored as null, and has()
reports them as present, but __toString() passed those null values to
http_build_query() which skips them entirely, dropping the parameters from the
output. Render null values as empty-valued parameters so they survive a
round-trip.

src/QueryParameterBag.php

@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ class QueryParameterBag implements \Stringable
 
     public function __toString(): string
     {
-        return http_build_query($this->parameters, '', '&', PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);
+        // Valueless parameters are stored as null, which http_build_query() skips;
+        // render them with an empty value so they survive.
+        $parameters = array_map(fn ($value) => $value ?? '', $this->parameters);
+
+        return http_build_query($parameters, '', '&', PHP_QUERY_RFC3986);
     }
 }

tests/QueryParameterBagTest.php

@@ -89,6 +89,21 @@ it('can be casted to a string', function () {
 });
 
 
+it('keeps valueless parameters when being casted to a string', function () {
+    $queryParameterBag = QueryParameterBag::fromString('offset');
+
+    expect($queryParameterBag)->has('offset')->toBeTrue();
+    expect($queryParameterBag)->__toString()->toEqual('offset=');
+});
+
+
+it('keeps valueless parameters alongside valued ones when being casted to a string', function () {
+    $queryParameterBag = QueryParameterBag::fromString('foo=&bar=baz');
+
+    expect($queryParameterBag)->__toString()->toEqual('foo=&bar=baz');
+});
+
+
 it('can be created from a string with url encoded values', function () {
     $queryParameterBag = QueryParameterBag::fromString(
         'category=storage%20furniture&discount=%3E40%25%20off&range%5B0%5D=10&range%5B1%5D=20'