diff --git a/src/PVE/QemuMigrate.pm b/src/PVE/QemuMigrate.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8da6f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/PVE/QemuMigrate.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,1923 @@
+package PVE::QemuMigrate;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use IO::File;
+use IPC::Open2;
+use Storable qw(dclone);
+use Time::HiRes qw( usleep );
+
+use PVE::AccessControl;
+use PVE::Cluster;
+use PVE::Format qw(render_bytes);
+use PVE::Firewall::Helpers;
+use PVE::GuestHelpers qw(safe_boolean_ne safe_string_ne);
+use PVE::INotify;
+use PVE::JSONSchema;
+use PVE::RPCEnvironment;
+use PVE::Replication;
+use PVE::ReplicationConfig;
+use PVE::ReplicationState;
+use PVE::Storage::Plugin;
+use PVE::Storage;
+use PVE::StorageTunnel;
+use PVE::Tools;
+use PVE::Tunnel;
+
+use PVE::QemuConfig;
+use PVE::QemuMigrate::Helpers;
+use PVE::QemuServer::Agent;
+use PVE::QemuServer::BlockJob;
+use PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig;
+use PVE::QemuServer::Drive qw(checked_volume_format);
+use PVE::QemuServer::Helpers qw(min_version);
+use PVE::QemuServer::Machine;
+use PVE::QemuServer::Monitor qw(mon_cmd vm_qmp_peer);
+use PVE::QemuServer::Memory qw(get_current_memory);
+use PVE::QemuServer::Network;
+use PVE::QemuServer::QMPHelpers;
+use PVE::QemuServer::DBusVMState;
+use PVE::QemuServer;
+
+use PVE::AbstractMigrate;
+use base qw(PVE::AbstractMigrate);
+
+# compared against remote end's minimum version
+our $WS_TUNNEL_VERSION = 2;
+
+sub fork_tunnel {
+    my ($self, $ssh_forward_info) = @_;
+
+    my $cmd = ['/usr/sbin/qm', 'mtunnel'];
+    my $log = sub {
+        my ($level, $msg) = @_;
+        $self->log($level, $msg);
+    };
+
+    return PVE::Tunnel::fork_ssh_tunnel($self->{rem_ssh}, $cmd, $ssh_forward_info, $log);
+}
+
+sub fork_websocket_tunnel {
+    my ($self, $storages, $bridges) = @_;
+
+    my $remote = $self->{opts}->{remote};
+    my $conn = $remote->{conn};
+
+    my $log = sub {
+        my ($level, $msg) = @_;
+        $self->log($level, $msg);
+    };
+
+    my $websocket_url =
+        "https://$conn->{host}:$conn->{port}/api2/json/nodes/$self->{node}/qemu/$remote->{vmid}/mtunnelwebsocket";
+    my $url = "/nodes/$self->{node}/qemu/$remote->{vmid}/mtunnel";
+
+    my $tunnel_params = {
+        url => $websocket_url,
+    };
+
+    my $storage_list = join(',', keys %$storages);
+    my $bridge_list = join(',', keys %$bridges);
+
+    my $req_params = {
+        storages => $storage_list,
+        bridges => $bridge_list,
+    };
+
+    return PVE::Tunnel::fork_websocket_tunnel($conn, $url, $req_params, $tunnel_params, $log);
+}
+
+# tunnel_info:
+#   proto: unix (secure) or tcp (insecure/legacy compat)
+#   addr: IP or UNIX socket path
+#   port: optional TCP port
+#   unix_sockets: additional UNIX socket paths to forward
+sub start_remote_tunnel {
+    my ($self, $tunnel_info) = @_;
+
+    my $nodename = PVE::INotify::nodename();
+    my $migration_type = $self->{opts}->{migration_type};
+
+    if ($migration_type eq 'secure') {
+
+        if ($tunnel_info->{proto} eq 'unix') {
+            my $ssh_forward_info = [];
+
+            my $unix_sockets = [keys %{ $tunnel_info->{unix_sockets} }];
+            push @$unix_sockets, $tunnel_info->{addr};
+            for my $sock (@$unix_sockets) {
+                # The peer chose this path, so untaint it before unlinking
+                # and forwarding it - mirrors the remote-cluster check below.
+                die "unexpected socket address '$sock'\n"
+                    if $sock !~ m|^/run/qemu-server/(?:(?!\.\./).)+\.migrate$|;
+                push @$ssh_forward_info, "$sock:$sock";
+                unlink $sock;
+            }
+
+            $self->{tunnel} = $self->fork_tunnel($ssh_forward_info);
+
+            my $unix_socket_try = 0; # wait for the socket to become ready
+            while ($unix_socket_try <= 100) {
+                $unix_socket_try++;
+                my $available = 0;
+                foreach my $sock (@$unix_sockets) {
+                    if (-S $sock) {
+                        $available++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ($available == @$unix_sockets) {
+                    last;
+                }
+
+                usleep(50000);
+            }
+            if ($unix_socket_try > 100) {
+                $self->{errors} = 1;
+                PVE::Tunnel::finish_tunnel($self->{tunnel});
+                die "Timeout, migration socket $tunnel_info->{addr} did not get ready";
+            }
+            $self->{tunnel}->{unix_sockets} = $unix_sockets if (@$unix_sockets);
+
+        } elsif ($tunnel_info->{proto} eq 'tcp') {
+            my $ssh_forward_info = [];
+            if ($tunnel_info->{addr} eq "localhost") {
+                # for backwards compatibility with older qemu-server versions
+                my $pfamily = PVE::Tools::get_host_address_family($nodename);
+                my $lport = PVE::Tools::next_migrate_port($pfamily);
+                push @$ssh_forward_info, "$lport:localhost:$tunnel_info->{port}";
+            }
+
+            $self->{tunnel} = $self->fork_tunnel($ssh_forward_info);
+
+        } else {
+            die "unsupported protocol in migration URI: $tunnel_info->{proto}\n";
+        }
+    } else {
+        #fork tunnel for insecure migration, to send faster commands like resume
+        $self->{tunnel} = $self->fork_tunnel();
+    }
+}
+
+sub lock_vm {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $code, @param) = @_;
+
+    return PVE::QemuConfig->lock_config($vmid, $code, @param);
+}
+
+sub target_storage_check_available {
+    my ($self, $storecfg, $targetsid, $volid) = @_;
+
+    if (!$self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        # check if storage is available on target node
+        my $target_scfg = PVE::Storage::storage_check_enabled(
+            $storecfg, $targetsid, $self->{node},
+        );
+        my ($vtype) = PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $volid);
+        die "$volid: content type '$vtype' is not available on storage '$targetsid'\n"
+            if !$target_scfg->{content}->{$vtype};
+    }
+}
+
+sub prepare {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    my $online = $self->{opts}->{online};
+
+    my $storecfg = $self->{storecfg} = PVE::Storage::config();
+
+    # updates the configuration, so ordered before saving the configuration in $self
+    eval {
+        PVE::QemuConfig::cleanup_fleecing_images(
+            $vmid,
+            $storecfg,
+            sub { $self->log($_[0], $_[1]); },
+        );
+    };
+    $self->log('warn', "attempt to clean up left-over fleecing images failed - $@") if $@;
+
+    # test if VM exists
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf} = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
+
+    my $repl_conf = PVE::ReplicationConfig->new();
+    $self->{replication_jobcfg} = $repl_conf->find_local_replication_job($vmid, $self->{node});
+    $self->{is_replicated} = $repl_conf->check_for_existing_jobs($vmid, 1);
+
+    if ($self->{replication_jobcfg} && defined($self->{replication_jobcfg}->{remove_job})) {
+        die "refusing to migrate replicated VM whose replication job is marked for removal\n";
+    }
+
+    PVE::QemuConfig->check_lock($conf);
+
+    my $running = 0;
+    if (my $pid = PVE::QemuServer::check_running($vmid)) {
+        die "can't migrate running VM without --online\n" if !$online;
+        $running = $pid;
+
+        if ($self->{is_replicated} && !$self->{replication_jobcfg}) {
+            if ($self->{opts}->{force}) {
+                $self->log(
+                    'warn',
+                    "WARNING: Node '$self->{node}' is not a replication target. Existing "
+                        . "replication jobs will fail after migration!\n",
+                );
+            } else {
+                die "Cannot live-migrate replicated VM to node '$self->{node}' - not a replication "
+                    . "target. Use 'force' to override.\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        $self->{forcemachine} = PVE::QemuServer::Machine::qemu_machine_pxe($vmid, $conf);
+
+        # To support abstracted CPU configurations, keep QEMU's "-cpu" parameter intact.
+        if ($conf->{cpu} && PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig::is_abstracted($conf->{cpu})) {
+            $self->{forcecpu} = PVE::QemuServer::CPUConfig::get_cpu_from_running_vm($pid);
+        }
+
+        # Do not treat a suspended VM as paused, as it might wake up
+        # during migration and remain paused after migration finishes.
+        $self->{vm_was_paused} = 1 if PVE::QemuServer::vm_is_paused($vmid, 0);
+
+        if ($self->{opts}->{'with-conntrack-state'}) {
+            if ($self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+                # shouldn't be reached in normal circumstances anyway, as we prevent it on
+                # an API level
+                $self->log(
+                    'warn',
+                    'conntrack state migration not supported for remote migrations, '
+                        . 'active connections might get dropped',
+                );
+                $self->{opts}->{'with-conntrack-state'} = 0;
+            } else {
+                PVE::QemuServer::DBusVMState::qemu_add_dbus_vmstate($vmid);
+            }
+        } else {
+            $self->log(
+                'warn',
+                'conntrack state migration not supported or disabled, '
+                    . 'active connections might get dropped',
+            );
+
+            # In case some leftover instance is running, stop it. The target QEMU instance won't
+            # have the 'dbus-vmstate' object, so the source must not have it either.
+            if (defined(PVE::QemuServer::DBusVMState::qemu_del_dbus_vmstate($vmid, quiet => 1))) {
+                $self->log('warn', "stopped left-over dbus-vmstate helper for VM $vmid");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    my ($loc_res, $mapped_res, $missing_mappings_by_node) =
+        PVE::QemuMigrate::Helpers::check_local_resources($conf, $running, 1);
+    my $blocking_resources = [];
+    for my $res ($loc_res->@*) {
+        if (!defined($mapped_res->{$res})) {
+            push $blocking_resources->@*, $res;
+        }
+    }
+    if (scalar($blocking_resources->@*)) {
+        if ($self->{running} || !$self->{opts}->{force}) {
+            die "can't migrate VM which uses local devices: "
+                . join(", ", $blocking_resources->@*) . "\n";
+        } else {
+            $self->log('info', "migrating VM which uses local devices");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (scalar(keys $mapped_res->%*)) {
+        my $missing_mappings = $missing_mappings_by_node->{ $self->{node} };
+        my $missing_live_mappings = [];
+        for my $key (sort keys $mapped_res->%*) {
+            my $res = $mapped_res->{$key};
+            my $name = "$key:$res->{name}";
+            push $missing_live_mappings->@*, $name if !$res->{'live-migration'};
+        }
+        if (scalar($missing_mappings->@*)) {
+            my $missing = join(", ", $missing_mappings->@*);
+            die "can't migrate to '$self->{node}': missing mapped devices $missing\n";
+        } elsif ($running && scalar($missing_live_mappings->@*)) {
+            my $missing = join(", ", $missing_live_mappings->@*);
+            die "can't live migrate running VM which uses following mapped devices: $missing\n";
+        } else {
+            $self->log('info', "migrating VM which uses mapped local devices");
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $vga = PVE::QemuServer::parse_vga($conf->{vga});
+    if ($running && $vga->{'clipboard'} && $vga->{'clipboard'} eq 'vnc') {
+        my $machine_version = PVE::QemuServer::Machine::get_current_qemu_machine($vmid);
+        if (!PVE::QemuServer::Machine::is_machine_version_at_least($machine_version, 10, 1)) {
+            die "VMs with 'clipboard' set to 'vnc' are not live migratable with"
+                . " QEMU/machine versions older than 10.1!\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $vollist = PVE::QemuServer::get_vm_volumes($conf);
+
+    my $storages = {};
+    foreach my $volid (@$vollist) {
+        my ($sid, $volname) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($volid, 1);
+
+        # check if storage is available on source node
+        my $scfg = PVE::Storage::storage_check_enabled($storecfg, $sid);
+
+        my $targetsid = $sid;
+        # NOTE: local ignores shared mappings, remote maps them
+        if (!$scfg->{shared} || $self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+            $targetsid = PVE::JSONSchema::map_id($self->{opts}->{storagemap}, $sid);
+        }
+
+        $storages->{$targetsid} = 1;
+
+        $self->target_storage_check_available($storecfg, $targetsid, $volid);
+
+        if ($scfg->{shared}) {
+            # PVE::Storage::activate_storage checks this for non-shared storages
+            my $plugin = PVE::Storage::Plugin->lookup($scfg->{type});
+            warn "Used shared storage '$sid' is not online on source node!\n"
+                if !$plugin->check_connection($sid, $scfg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        # test & establish websocket connection
+        my $bridges = map_bridges($conf, $self->{opts}->{bridgemap}, 1);
+        my $tunnel = $self->fork_websocket_tunnel($storages, $bridges);
+        my $min_version = $tunnel->{version} - $tunnel->{age};
+        $self->log('info', "local WS tunnel version: $WS_TUNNEL_VERSION");
+        $self->log('info', "remote WS tunnel version: $tunnel->{version}");
+        $self->log('info', "minimum required WS tunnel version: $min_version");
+        die "Remote tunnel endpoint not compatible, upgrade required\n"
+            if $WS_TUNNEL_VERSION < $min_version;
+        die "Remote tunnel endpoint too old, upgrade required\n"
+            if $WS_TUNNEL_VERSION > $tunnel->{version};
+
+        print "websocket tunnel started\n";
+        $self->{tunnel} = $tunnel;
+    } else {
+        # test ssh connection
+        my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, '/bin/true'];
+        eval { $self->cmd_quiet($cmd); };
+        die "Can't connect to destination address using public key\n" if $@;
+    }
+
+    return $running;
+}
+
+sub scan_local_volumes {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+
+    # local volumes which have been copied
+    # and their old_id => new_id pairs
+    $self->{volume_map} = {};
+    $self->{local_volumes} = {};
+
+    my $storecfg = $self->{storecfg};
+    eval {
+        # found local volumes and their origin
+        my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+        my $local_volumes_errors = {};
+        my $other_errors = [];
+        my $abort = 0;
+        my $path_to_volid = {};
+
+        my $log_error = sub {
+            my ($msg, $volid) = @_;
+
+            if (defined($volid)) {
+                $local_volumes_errors->{$volid} = $msg;
+            } else {
+                push @$other_errors, $msg;
+            }
+            $abort = 1;
+        };
+
+        my $replicatable_volumes =
+            !$self->{replication_jobcfg}
+            ? {}
+            : PVE::QemuConfig->get_replicatable_volumes($storecfg, $vmid, $conf, 0, 1);
+        foreach my $volid (keys %{$replicatable_volumes}) {
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{replicated} = 1;
+        }
+
+        my $test_volid = sub {
+            my ($volid, $attr) = @_;
+
+            if ($volid =~ m|^/|) {
+                return if $attr->{shared};
+                $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'config';
+                die "local file/device\n";
+            }
+
+            my $snaprefs = $attr->{referenced_in_snapshot};
+
+            if ($attr->{cdrom}) {
+                if ($volid eq 'cdrom') {
+                    my $msg = "can't migrate local cdrom drive";
+                    if (defined($snaprefs) && !$attr->{is_attached}) {
+                        my $snapnames = join(', ', sort keys %$snaprefs);
+                        $msg .= " (referenced in snapshot - $snapnames)";
+                    }
+                    &$log_error("$msg\n");
+                    return;
+                }
+                return if $volid eq 'none';
+            }
+
+            my ($sid, $volname) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($volid);
+
+            # check if storage is available on both nodes
+            my $scfg = PVE::Storage::storage_check_enabled($storecfg, $sid);
+
+            my $targetsid = $sid;
+            # NOTE: local ignores shared mappings, remote maps them
+            if (!$scfg->{shared} || $self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+                $targetsid = PVE::JSONSchema::map_id($self->{opts}->{storagemap}, $sid);
+            }
+
+            $self->target_storage_check_available($storecfg, $targetsid, $volid);
+            return if $scfg->{shared} && !$self->{opts}->{remote};
+
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'pending' if $attr->{referenced_in_pending};
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'snapshot' if $attr->{referenced_in_snapshot};
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'unused' if $attr->{is_unused};
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'attached' if $attr->{is_attached};
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'generated' if $attr->{is_tpmstate};
+
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{bwlimit} = $self->get_bwlimit($sid, $targetsid);
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{targetsid} = $targetsid;
+
+            # For some volumes, like qcow2 on LVM, it is necessary to activate to query the size.
+            PVE::Storage::activate_volumes($storecfg, [$volid]);
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->@{qw(size format)} =
+                PVE::Storage::volume_size_info($storecfg, $volid);
+            die "unable to determine size for volume '$volid'\n"
+                if !defined($local_volumes->{$volid}->{size});
+            die "unable to determine format for volume '$volid'\n"
+                if !defined($local_volumes->{$volid}->{format});
+
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{is_vmstate} = $attr->{is_vmstate} ? 1 : 0;
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{is_cloudinit} = $attr->{is_cloudinit} ? 1 : 0;
+
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{drivename} = $attr->{drivename}
+                if $attr->{drivename};
+
+            # If with_snapshots is not set for storage migrate, it tries to use
+            # a raw+size stream, but on-the-fly conversion from qcow2 to raw+size
+            # back to qcow2 is currently not possible.
+            $local_volumes->{$volid}->{snapshots} =
+                ($local_volumes->{$volid}->{format} =~ /^(?:qcow2|vmdk)$/);
+
+            if ($attr->{cdrom}) {
+                if ($volid =~ /vm-\d+-cloudinit/) {
+                    $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref} = 'generated';
+                    return;
+                }
+                die "local cdrom image\n";
+            }
+
+            my ($path, $owner) = PVE::Storage::path($storecfg, $volid);
+
+            die "owned by other VM (owner = VM $owner)\n"
+                if !$owner || ($owner != $vmid);
+
+            $path_to_volid->{$path}->{$volid} = 1;
+
+            return if $attr->{is_vmstate};
+
+            if (defined($snaprefs)) {
+                $local_volumes->{$volid}->{snapshots} = 1;
+
+                # we cannot migrate snapshots on local storage
+                # exceptions: 'zfspool' or 'qcow2' files (on directory storage)
+                #
+                # Note that only qcow2 with in-qcow2 snapshots work - for
+                # backing-chain snapshots we'd need to copy the entire snapshot
+                # list (or support replication)
+
+                die "online storage migration not possible if non-replicated snapshot exists\n"
+                    if $self->{running} && !$local_volumes->{$volid}->{replicated};
+
+                die "remote migration with snapshots not supported yet\n"
+                    if $self->{opts}->{remote};
+
+                if (!(
+                    $scfg->{type} eq 'zfspool'
+                    || ($scfg->{type} eq 'btrfs' && $local_volumes->{$volid}->{format} eq 'raw')
+                    || ($local_volumes->{$volid}->{format} eq 'qcow2'
+                        && !$scfg->{'snapshot-as-volume-chain'})
+                )) {
+                    die "non-migratable snapshot exists\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            die "referenced by linked clone(s)\n"
+                if PVE::Storage::volume_is_base_and_used($storecfg, $volid);
+        };
+
+        PVE::QemuServer::foreach_volid(
+            $conf,
+            sub {
+                my ($volid, $attr) = @_;
+                eval { $test_volid->($volid, $attr); };
+                if (my $err = $@) {
+                    &$log_error($err, $volid);
+                }
+            },
+        );
+
+        for my $path (keys %$path_to_volid) {
+            my @volids = keys $path_to_volid->{$path}->%*;
+            die "detected not supported aliased volumes: '" . join("', '", @volids) . "'\n"
+                if (scalar(@volids) > 1);
+        }
+
+        foreach my $vol (sort keys %$local_volumes) {
+            my $type = $replicatable_volumes->{$vol} ? 'local, replicated' : 'local';
+            my $ref = $local_volumes->{$vol}->{ref};
+            if ($ref eq 'attached') {
+                &$log_error(
+                    "can't live migrate attached local disks without with-local-disks option\n",
+                    $vol,
+                ) if $self->{running} && !$self->{opts}->{"with-local-disks"};
+                $self->log('info', "found $type disk '$vol' (attached)\n");
+            } elsif ($ref eq 'unused') {
+                $self->log('info', "found $type disk '$vol' (unused)\n");
+            } elsif ($ref eq 'snapshot') {
+                $self->log('info', "found $type disk '$vol' (referenced by snapshot(s))\n");
+            } elsif ($ref eq 'pending') {
+                $self->log('info', "found $type disk '$vol' (pending change)\n");
+            } elsif ($ref eq 'generated') {
+                $self->log('info', "found generated disk '$vol' (in current VM config)\n");
+            } else {
+                $self->log('info', "found $type disk '$vol'\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach my $vol (sort keys %$local_volumes_errors) {
+            $self->log('warn',
+                "can't migrate local disk '$vol': $local_volumes_errors->{$vol}");
+        }
+        foreach my $err (@$other_errors) {
+            $self->log('warn', "$err");
+        }
+
+        if ($abort) {
+            die "can't migrate VM - check log\n";
+        }
+
+        # additional checks for local storage
+        foreach my $volid (keys %$local_volumes) {
+            my ($sid, $volname) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($volid);
+            my $scfg = PVE::Storage::storage_config($storecfg, $sid);
+
+            my $migratable = $scfg->{type} =~ /^(?:dir|btrfs|zfspool|lvmthin|lvm)$/;
+
+            # TODO: what is this even here for?
+            $migratable = 1 if $self->{opts}->{remote};
+
+            die "can't migrate '$volid' - storage type '$scfg->{type}' not supported\n"
+                if !$migratable;
+
+            # image is a linked clone on local storage, se we can't migrate.
+            if (my $basename = (PVE::Storage::parse_volname($storecfg, $volid))[3]) {
+                die "can't migrate '$volid' as it's a clone of '$basename'";
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach my $volid (sort keys %$local_volumes) {
+            my $ref = $local_volumes->{$volid}->{ref};
+            if ($self->{running} && $ref eq 'attached') {
+                $local_volumes->{$volid}->{migration_mode} = 'online';
+            } elsif ($self->{running} && $ref eq 'generated') {
+                # offline migrate the cloud-init ISO and don't regenerate on VM start
+                #
+                # tpmstate will also be offline migrated first, and in case of
+                # live migration then updated by QEMU/swtpm if necessary
+                $local_volumes->{$volid}->{migration_mode} = 'offline';
+            } else {
+                $local_volumes->{$volid}->{migration_mode} = 'offline';
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    die "Problem found while scanning volumes - $@" if $@;
+}
+
+sub handle_replication {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+
+    return if !$self->{replication_jobcfg};
+
+    die "can't migrate VM with replicated volumes to remote cluster/node\n"
+        if $self->{opts}->{remote};
+
+    if ($self->{running}) {
+        my @live_replicatable_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes('online', 1);
+        foreach my $volid (@live_replicatable_volumes) {
+            my $drive = $local_volumes->{$volid}->{drivename};
+            die "internal error - no drive for '$volid'\n" if !defined($drive);
+
+            my $bitmap = "repl_$drive";
+
+            # start tracking before replication to get full delta + a few duplicates
+            $self->log('info', "$drive: start tracking writes using block-dirty-bitmap '$bitmap'");
+            mon_cmd($vmid, 'block-dirty-bitmap-add', node => "drive-$drive", name => $bitmap);
+
+            # other info comes from target node in phase 2
+            $self->{target_drive}->{$drive}->{bitmap} = $bitmap;
+        }
+    }
+    $self->log('info', "replicating disk images");
+
+    my $start_time = time();
+    my $logfunc = sub { $self->log('info', shift) };
+    my $actual_replicated_volumes = PVE::Replication::run_replication(
+        'PVE::QemuConfig',
+        $self->{replication_jobcfg},
+        $start_time,
+        $start_time,
+        $logfunc,
+    );
+
+    # extra safety check
+    my @replicated_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes(undef, 1);
+    foreach my $volid (@replicated_volumes) {
+        die "expected volume '$volid' to get replicated, but it wasn't\n"
+            if !$actual_replicated_volumes->{$volid};
+    }
+}
+
+sub config_update_local_disksizes {
+    my ($self) = @_;
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+
+    PVE::QemuConfig->foreach_volume(
+        $conf,
+        sub {
+            my ($key, $drive) = @_;
+            # skip special disks, will be handled later
+            return if $key eq 'efidisk0';
+            return if $key eq 'tpmstate0';
+
+            my $volid = $drive->{file};
+            return if !defined($local_volumes->{$volid}); # only update sizes for local volumes
+
+            my ($updated, $msg) =
+                PVE::QemuServer::Drive::update_disksize($drive, $local_volumes->{$volid}->{size});
+            if (defined($updated)) {
+                $conf->{$key} = PVE::QemuServer::print_drive($updated);
+                $self->log('info', "drive '$key': $msg");
+            }
+        },
+    );
+
+    # we want to set the efidisk size in the config to the size of the
+    # real OVMF_VARS.fd image, else we can create a too big image, which does not work
+    if (defined($conf->{efidisk0})) {
+        PVE::QemuServer::update_efidisk_size($conf);
+    }
+
+    # TPM state might have an irregular filesize, to avoid problems on transfer
+    # we always assume the static size of 4M to allocate on the target
+    if (defined($conf->{tpmstate0})) {
+        PVE::QemuServer::update_tpmstate_size($conf);
+    }
+}
+
+sub filter_local_volumes {
+    my ($self, $migration_mode, $replicated) = @_;
+
+    my $volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+    my @filtered_volids;
+
+    foreach my $volid (sort keys %{$volumes}) {
+        next
+            if defined($migration_mode)
+            && safe_string_ne($volumes->{$volid}->{migration_mode}, $migration_mode);
+        next
+            if defined($replicated)
+            && safe_boolean_ne($volumes->{$volid}->{replicated}, $replicated);
+        push @filtered_volids, $volid;
+    }
+
+    return @filtered_volids;
+}
+
+sub sync_offline_local_volumes {
+    my ($self) = @_;
+
+    my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+    my @volids = $self->filter_local_volumes('offline', 0);
+
+    my $storecfg = $self->{storecfg};
+    my $opts = $self->{opts};
+
+    $self->log('info', "copying local disk images") if scalar(@volids);
+
+    foreach my $volid (@volids) {
+        my $new_volid;
+
+        my $opts = $self->{opts};
+        if ($opts->{remote}) {
+            my $log = sub {
+                my ($level, $msg) = @_;
+                $self->log($level, $msg);
+            };
+
+            $new_volid = PVE::StorageTunnel::storage_migrate(
+                $self->{tunnel},
+                $storecfg,
+                $volid,
+                $self->{vmid},
+                $opts->{remote}->{vmid},
+                $local_volumes->{$volid},
+                $log,
+            );
+        } else {
+            my $targetsid = $local_volumes->{$volid}->{targetsid};
+
+            my $bwlimit = $local_volumes->{$volid}->{bwlimit};
+            $bwlimit = $bwlimit * 1024 if defined($bwlimit); # storage_migrate uses bps
+
+            my $preserve_name =
+                $local_volumes->{$volid}->{is_vmstate} || $local_volumes->{$volid}->{is_cloudinit};
+
+            my $storage_migrate_opts = {
+                'ratelimit_bps' => $bwlimit,
+                'insecure' => $opts->{migration_type} eq 'insecure',
+                'with_snapshots' => $local_volumes->{$volid}->{snapshots},
+                'allow_rename' => !$preserve_name,
+            };
+
+            my $logfunc = sub { $self->log('info', $_[0]); };
+            $new_volid = eval {
+                PVE::Storage::storage_migrate(
+                    $storecfg,
+                    $volid,
+                    $self->{ssh_info},
+                    $targetsid,
+                    $storage_migrate_opts,
+                    $logfunc,
+                );
+            };
+            if (my $err = $@) {
+                die "storage migration for '$volid' to storage '$targetsid' failed - $err\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        $self->{volume_map}->{$volid} = $new_volid;
+        $self->log('info', "volume '$volid' is '$new_volid' on the target\n");
+
+        eval { PVE::Storage::deactivate_volumes($storecfg, [$volid]); };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('warn', $err);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub cleanup_remotedisks {
+    my ($self) = @_;
+
+    if ($self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        PVE::Tunnel::finish_tunnel($self->{tunnel}, 1);
+        delete $self->{tunnel};
+        return;
+    }
+
+    my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+
+    foreach my $volid (values %{ $self->{volume_map} }) {
+        # don't clean up replicated disks!
+        next if $local_volumes->{$volid}->{replicated};
+
+        my ($storeid, $volname) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($volid);
+
+        my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, 'pvesm', 'free', "$storeid:$volname"];
+
+        eval {
+            PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd, outfunc => sub { }, errfunc => sub { });
+        };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('err', $err);
+            $self->{errors} = 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub cleanup_bitmaps {
+    my ($self) = @_;
+    foreach my $drive (keys %{ $self->{target_drive} }) {
+        my $bitmap = $self->{target_drive}->{$drive}->{bitmap};
+        next if !$bitmap;
+        $self->log('info', "$drive: removing block-dirty-bitmap '$bitmap'");
+        mon_cmd(
+            $self->{vmid}, 'block-dirty-bitmap-remove',
+            node => "drive-$drive",
+            name => $bitmap,
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+sub phase1 {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    $self->log('info', "starting migration of VM $vmid to node '$self->{node}' ($self->{nodeip})");
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+
+    # set migrate lock in config file
+    $conf->{lock} = 'migrate';
+    PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
+
+    $self->scan_local_volumes($vmid);
+
+    # fix disk sizes to match their actual size and write changes,
+    # so that the target allocates the correct volumes
+    $self->config_update_local_disksizes();
+    PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
+
+    $self->handle_replication($vmid);
+
+    $self->sync_offline_local_volumes();
+    $self->phase1_remote($vmid) if $self->{opts}->{remote};
+}
+
+sub map_bridges {
+    my ($conf, $map, $scan_only) = @_;
+
+    my $bridges = {};
+
+    foreach my $opt (keys %$conf) {
+        next if $opt !~ m/^net\d+$/;
+
+        next if !$conf->{$opt};
+        my $d = PVE::QemuServer::Network::parse_net($conf->{$opt});
+        next if !$d || !$d->{bridge};
+
+        my $target_bridge = PVE::JSONSchema::map_id($map, $d->{bridge});
+        $bridges->{$target_bridge}->{$opt} = $d->{bridge};
+
+        next if $scan_only;
+
+        $d->{bridge} = $target_bridge;
+        $conf->{$opt} = PVE::QemuServer::Network::print_net($d);
+    }
+
+    return $bridges;
+}
+
+sub phase1_remote {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    my $remote_conf = PVE::QemuConfig->load_config($vmid);
+    PVE::QemuConfig->update_volume_ids($remote_conf, $self->{volume_map});
+
+    my $bridges = map_bridges($remote_conf, $self->{opts}->{bridgemap});
+    for my $target (keys $bridges->%*) {
+        for my $nic (keys $bridges->{$target}->%*) {
+            $self->log('info', "mapped: $nic from $bridges->{$target}->{$nic} to $target");
+        }
+    }
+
+    my @online_local_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes('online');
+
+    my $storage_map = $self->{opts}->{storagemap};
+    $self->{nbd} = {};
+    PVE::QemuConfig->foreach_volume(
+        $remote_conf,
+        sub {
+            my ($ds, $drive) = @_;
+
+            # TODO eject CDROM?
+            return if PVE::QemuServer::drive_is_cdrom($drive);
+
+            my $volid = $drive->{file};
+            return if !$volid;
+
+            return if !grep { $_ eq $volid } @online_local_volumes;
+
+            my ($storeid) = PVE::Storage::parse_volume_id($volid);
+            my $source_format = checked_volume_format($self->{storecfg}, $volid);
+
+            # set by target cluster
+            my $oldvolid = delete $drive->{file};
+            delete $drive->{format};
+
+            my $targetsid = PVE::JSONSchema::map_id($storage_map, $storeid);
+
+            my $params = {
+                format => $source_format,
+                storage => $targetsid,
+                drive => $drive,
+            };
+
+            $self->log(
+                'info',
+                "Allocating volume for drive '$ds' on remote storage '$targetsid'..",
+            );
+            my $res = PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($self->{tunnel}, 600, 'disk', $params);
+
+            $self->log('info', "volume '$oldvolid' is '$res->{volid}' on the target\n");
+            $remote_conf->{$ds} = $res->{drivestr};
+            $self->{nbd}->{$ds} = $res;
+        },
+    );
+
+    my $conf_str = PVE::QemuServer::write_vm_config("remote", $remote_conf);
+
+    # TODO expose in PVE::Firewall?
+    my $vm_fw_conf_path = "/etc/pve/firewall/$vmid.fw";
+    my $fw_conf_str;
+    $fw_conf_str = PVE::Tools::file_get_contents($vm_fw_conf_path)
+        if -e $vm_fw_conf_path;
+    my $params = {
+        conf => $conf_str,
+        'firewall-config' => $fw_conf_str,
+    };
+
+    PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($self->{tunnel}, 120, 'config', $params);
+}
+
+sub phase1_cleanup {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $err) = @_;
+
+    $self->log('info', "aborting phase 1 - cleanup resources");
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    delete $conf->{lock};
+    eval { PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf) };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', $err);
+    }
+
+    eval { $self->cleanup_remotedisks() };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', $err);
+    }
+
+    eval { $self->cleanup_bitmaps() };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', $err);
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{running} && $self->{opts}->{'with-conntrack-state'}) {
+        # if the VM is running, that means we also tried to migrate additional
+        # state via our dbus-vmstate helper
+        # only need to locally stop it, on the target the VM cleanup will
+        # handle it
+        PVE::QemuServer::DBusVMState::qemu_del_dbus_vmstate($vmid);
+    }
+}
+
+sub phase2_start_local_cluster {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $params) = @_;
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+    my @online_local_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes('online');
+
+    my $start = $params->{start_params};
+    my $migrate = $params->{migrate_opts};
+
+    $self->log('info', "starting VM $vmid on remote node '$self->{node}'");
+
+    my $tunnel_info = {};
+
+    ## start on remote node
+    my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }];
+
+    push @$cmd, 'qm', 'start', $vmid;
+
+    if ($start->{skiplock}) {
+        push @$cmd, '--skiplock';
+    }
+
+    push @$cmd, '--migratedfrom', $migrate->{migratedfrom};
+
+    push @$cmd, '--migration_type', $migrate->{type};
+
+    push @$cmd, '--migration_network', $migrate->{network}
+        if $migrate->{network};
+
+    push @$cmd, '--stateuri', $start->{statefile};
+
+    if ($start->{forcemachine}) {
+        push @$cmd, '--machine', $start->{forcemachine};
+    }
+
+    if ($start->{forcecpu}) {
+        push @$cmd, '--force-cpu', $start->{forcecpu};
+    }
+
+    if ($start->{'nets-host-mtu'}) {
+        push @$cmd, '--nets-host-mtu', $start->{'nets-host-mtu'};
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{storage_migration}) {
+        push @$cmd, '--targetstorage', ($self->{opts}->{targetstorage} // '1');
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{opts}->{'with-conntrack-state'}) {
+        push @$cmd, '--with-conntrack-state';
+    }
+
+    my $spice_port;
+    my $input = "nbd_protocol_version: $migrate->{nbd_proto_version}\n";
+
+    my @offline_local_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes('offline');
+    for my $volid (@offline_local_volumes) {
+        my $drivename = $local_volumes->{$volid}->{drivename};
+        next if !$drivename || !$conf->{$drivename};
+
+        my $new_volid = $self->{volume_map}->{$volid};
+        next if !$new_volid || $volid eq $new_volid;
+
+        $input .= "offline_volume: $drivename: $new_volid\n";
+    }
+
+    $input .= "spice_ticket: $migrate->{spice_ticket}\n" if $migrate->{spice_ticket};
+
+    my @online_replicated_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes('online', 1);
+    foreach my $volid (@online_replicated_volumes) {
+        $input .= "replicated_volume: $volid\n";
+    }
+
+    my $handle_storage_migration_listens = sub {
+        my ($drive_key, $drivestr, $nbd_uri) = @_;
+
+        $self->{stopnbd} = 1;
+        $self->{target_drive}->{$drive_key}->{drivestr} = $drivestr;
+        $self->{target_drive}->{$drive_key}->{nbd_uri} = $nbd_uri;
+
+        my $source_drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($drive_key, $conf->{$drive_key});
+        my $target_drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($drive_key, $drivestr);
+        my $source_volid = $source_drive->{file};
+        my $target_volid = $target_drive->{file};
+
+        $self->{volume_map}->{$source_volid} = $target_volid;
+        $self->log('info', "volume '$source_volid' is '$target_volid' on the target\n");
+    };
+
+    my $target_replicated_volumes = {};
+    my $target_nets_host_mtu_not_supported;
+
+    # Note: We try to keep $spice_ticket secret (do not pass via command line parameter)
+    # instead we pipe it through STDIN
+    my $exitcode = PVE::Tools::run_command(
+        $cmd,
+        input => $input,
+        outfunc => sub {
+            my $line = shift;
+
+            if ($line =~
+                m/^migration listens on (tcp):(localhost|[\d\.]+|\[[\d\.:a-fA-F]+\]):(\d+)$/
+            ) {
+                $tunnel_info->{addr} = $2;
+                $tunnel_info->{port} = int($3);
+                $tunnel_info->{proto} = $1;
+            } elsif ($line =~ m!^migration listens on (unix):(/run/qemu-server/(\d+)\.migrate)$!
+            ) {
+                $tunnel_info->{addr} = $2;
+                die "Destination UNIX sockets VMID does not match source VMID" if $vmid ne $3;
+                $tunnel_info->{proto} = $1;
+            } elsif ($line =~ m/^migration listens on port (\d+)$/) {
+                $tunnel_info->{addr} = "localhost";
+                $tunnel_info->{port} = int($1);
+                $tunnel_info->{proto} = "tcp";
+            } elsif ($line =~ m/^spice listens on port (\d+)$/) {
+                $spice_port = int($1);
+            } elsif ($line =~
+                m/^storage migration listens on nbd:(localhost|[\d\.]+|\[[\d\.:a-fA-F]+\]):(\d+):exportname=(\S+) volume:(\S+)$/
+            ) {
+                my $drivestr = $4;
+                my $nbd_uri = "nbd:$1:$2:exportname=$3";
+                my $targetdrive = $3;
+                $targetdrive =~ s/drive-//g;
+
+                $handle_storage_migration_listens->($targetdrive, $drivestr, $nbd_uri);
+            } elsif ($line =~
+                m!^storage migration listens on nbd:unix:(/run/qemu-server/(\d+)_nbd\.migrate):exportname=(\S+) volume:(\S+)$!
+            ) {
+                my $drivestr = $4;
+                die "Destination UNIX socket's VMID does not match source VMID" if $vmid ne $2;
+                my $nbd_unix_addr = $1;
+                my $nbd_uri = "nbd:unix:$nbd_unix_addr:exportname=$3";
+                my $targetdrive = $3;
+                $targetdrive =~ s/drive-//g;
+
+                $handle_storage_migration_listens->($targetdrive, $drivestr, $nbd_uri);
+                $tunnel_info->{unix_sockets}->{$nbd_unix_addr} = 1;
+            } elsif ($line =~ m/^re-using replicated volume: (\S+) - (.*)$/) {
+                my $drive = $1;
+                my $volid = $2;
+                $target_replicated_volumes->{$volid} = $drive;
+            } elsif ($line =~ m/^QEMU: (.*)$/) {
+                $self->log('info', "[$self->{node}] $1\n");
+            }
+        },
+        errfunc => sub {
+            my $line = shift;
+            $target_nets_host_mtu_not_supported = 1
+                if $line =~ m/^Unknown option: nets-host-mtu/;
+            $self->log('info', "[$self->{node}] $line");
+        },
+        noerr => 1,
+    );
+
+    die "target node $self->{node} is too old for preserving VirtIO-net MTU, please upgrade\n"
+        if $target_nets_host_mtu_not_supported;
+
+    die "remote command failed with exit code $exitcode\n" if $exitcode;
+
+    die "unable to detect remote migration address\n"
+        if !$tunnel_info->{addr} || !$tunnel_info->{proto};
+
+    if (scalar(keys %$target_replicated_volumes) != scalar(@online_replicated_volumes)) {
+        die
+            "number of replicated disks on source and target node do not match - target node too old?\n";
+    }
+
+    return ($tunnel_info, $spice_port);
+}
+
+sub phase2_start_remote_cluster {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $params) = @_;
+
+    die "insecure migration to remote cluster not implemented\n"
+        if $params->{migrate_opts}->{type} ne 'websocket';
+
+    my $remote_vmid = $self->{opts}->{remote}->{vmid};
+
+    # like regular start but with some overhead accounted for
+    my $memory = get_current_memory($self->{vmconf}->{memory});
+    my $timeout = PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::config_aware_timeout($self->{vmconf}, $memory) + 10;
+
+    my $res = PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($self->{tunnel}, $timeout, "start", $params);
+
+    foreach my $drive (keys %{ $res->{drives} }) {
+        $self->{stopnbd} = 1;
+        $self->{target_drive}->{$drive}->{drivestr} = $res->{drives}->{$drive}->{drivestr};
+        my $nbd_uri = $res->{drives}->{$drive}->{nbd_uri};
+        die "unexpected NBD uri for '$drive': $nbd_uri\n"
+            if $nbd_uri !~ s!/run/qemu-server/$remote_vmid\_!/run/qemu-server/$vmid\_!;
+
+        $self->{target_drive}->{$drive}->{nbd_uri} = $nbd_uri;
+    }
+
+    return ($res->{migrate}, $res->{spice_port});
+}
+
+my $migrate_downtime_max = 2000 * 1000; # as defined in QEMU's migration/options.c
+
+my sub cap_migrate_downtime {
+    my ($self, $migrate_downtime) = @_;
+
+    if ($migrate_downtime > $migrate_downtime_max) {
+        $self->log('info', "capping downtime limit to maximum possible: $migrate_downtime_max ms");
+        return $migrate_downtime_max;
+    }
+
+    return $migrate_downtime;
+}
+
+my sub increase_migrate_downtime {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $migrate_downtime) = @_;
+
+    return $migrate_downtime_max if $migrate_downtime >= $migrate_downtime_max;
+
+    $migrate_downtime *= 2;
+
+    $migrate_downtime = cap_migrate_downtime($self, $migrate_downtime);
+
+    $self->log(
+        'info', "auto-increased downtime to continue migration: $migrate_downtime ms",
+    );
+    eval {
+        # migrate-set-parameters does not touch values not
+        # specified, so this only changes downtime-limit
+        mon_cmd(
+            $vmid, "migrate-set-parameters", 'downtime-limit' => int($migrate_downtime),
+        );
+    };
+    $self->log('info', "migrate-set-parameters error: $@") if $@;
+
+    return $migrate_downtime;
+}
+
+sub phase2 {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    my $local_volumes = $self->{local_volumes};
+
+    # version > 0 for unix socket support
+    my $nbd_protocol_version = 1;
+
+    my $spice_ticket;
+    if (PVE::QemuServer::vga_conf_has_spice($conf->{vga})) {
+        my $res = mon_cmd($vmid, 'query-spice');
+        $spice_ticket = $res->{ticket};
+    }
+
+    my $migration_type = $self->{opts}->{migration_type};
+    my $state_uri = $migration_type eq 'insecure' ? 'tcp' : 'unix';
+
+    my $params = {
+        start_params => {
+            statefile => $state_uri,
+            forcemachine => $self->{forcemachine},
+            forcecpu => $self->{forcecpu},
+            skiplock => 1,
+        },
+        migrate_opts => {
+            spice_ticket => $spice_ticket,
+            type => $migration_type,
+            network => $self->{opts}->{migration_network},
+            storagemap => $self->{opts}->{storagemap},
+            migratedfrom => PVE::INotify::nodename(),
+            nbd_proto_version => $nbd_protocol_version,
+            nbd => $self->{nbd},
+        },
+    };
+
+    if (my $nets_host_mtu = PVE::QemuServer::Network::get_nets_host_mtu($vmid, $conf)) {
+        $params->{start_params}->{'nets-host-mtu'} = $nets_host_mtu;
+    }
+
+    my ($tunnel_info, $spice_port);
+
+    my @online_local_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes('online');
+    $self->{storage_migration} = 1 if scalar(@online_local_volumes);
+
+    if (my $remote = $self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        my $remote_vmid = $remote->{vmid};
+        $params->{migrate_opts}->{remote_node} = $self->{node};
+        ($tunnel_info, $spice_port) = $self->phase2_start_remote_cluster($vmid, $params);
+        die "only UNIX sockets are supported for remote migration\n"
+            if $tunnel_info->{proto} ne 'unix';
+
+        # untaint
+        my ($remote_socket) = $tunnel_info->{addr} =~ m|^(/run/qemu-server/\d+\.migrate)$|
+            or die "unexpected socket address '$tunnel_info->{addr}'\n";
+        my $local_socket = $remote_socket;
+        $local_socket =~ s/$remote_vmid/$vmid/g;
+        $tunnel_info->{addr} = $local_socket;
+
+        $self->log('info', "Setting up tunnel for '$local_socket'");
+        PVE::Tunnel::forward_unix_socket($self->{tunnel}, $local_socket, $remote_socket);
+
+        foreach my $remote_socket (@{ $tunnel_info->{unix_sockets} }) {
+            # untaint
+            ($remote_socket) = $remote_socket =~ m|^(/run/qemu-server/(?:(?!\.\./).)+\.migrate)$|
+                or die "unexpected socket address '$remote_socket'\n";
+            my $local_socket = $remote_socket;
+            $local_socket =~ s/$remote_vmid/$vmid/g;
+            next if $self->{tunnel}->{forwarded}->{$local_socket};
+            $self->log('info', "Setting up tunnel for '$local_socket'");
+            PVE::Tunnel::forward_unix_socket($self->{tunnel}, $local_socket, $remote_socket);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ($tunnel_info, $spice_port) = $self->phase2_start_local_cluster($vmid, $params);
+
+        $self->log('info', "start remote tunnel");
+        $self->start_remote_tunnel($tunnel_info);
+    }
+
+    my $migrate_uri = "$tunnel_info->{proto}:$tunnel_info->{addr}";
+    $migrate_uri .= ":$tunnel_info->{port}"
+        if defined($tunnel_info->{port});
+
+    if ($self->{storage_migration}) {
+        $self->{storage_migration_jobs} = {};
+        $self->log('info', "starting storage migration");
+
+        die "The number of local disks does not match between the source and the destination.\n"
+            if (scalar(keys %{ $self->{target_drive} }) != scalar(@online_local_volumes));
+        foreach my $drive (keys %{ $self->{target_drive} }) {
+            my $target = $self->{target_drive}->{$drive};
+            my $nbd_uri = $target->{nbd_uri};
+
+            my $source_drive = PVE::QemuServer::parse_drive($drive, $conf->{$drive});
+            my $source_volid = $source_drive->{file};
+
+            my $bwlimit = $self->{local_volumes}->{$source_volid}->{bwlimit};
+            my $bitmap = $target->{bitmap};
+
+            $self->log('info', "$drive: start migration to $nbd_uri");
+
+            my $source_info = { vmid => $vmid, drive => $source_drive };
+            $source_info->{bitmap} = $bitmap if defined($bitmap);
+            my $dest_info = { volid => $nbd_uri };
+            my $mirror_opts = {};
+            $mirror_opts->{bwlimit} = $bwlimit if defined($bwlimit);
+            PVE::QemuServer::BlockJob::mirror(
+                $source_info,
+                $dest_info,
+                $self->{storage_migration_jobs},
+                'skip',
+                $mirror_opts,
+            );
+        }
+
+        if (PVE::QemuServer::QMPHelpers::runs_at_least_qemu_version($vmid, 8, 2)) {
+            $self->log('info', "switching mirror jobs to actively synced mode");
+            PVE::QemuServer::BlockJob::qemu_drive_mirror_switch_to_active_mode(
+                $vmid,
+                $self->{storage_migration_jobs},
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    $self->log('info', "starting online/live migration on $migrate_uri");
+    $self->{livemigration} = 1;
+
+    # load_defaults
+    my $defaults = PVE::QemuServer::load_defaults();
+
+    $self->log('info', "set migration capabilities");
+    eval { PVE::QemuMigrate::Helpers::set_migration_caps($vmid) };
+    warn $@ if $@;
+
+    my $qemu_migrate_params = {};
+
+    # migrate speed can be set via bwlimit (datacenter.cfg and API) and via the
+    # migrate_speed parameter in qm.conf - take the lower of the two.
+    my $bwlimit = $self->get_bwlimit();
+
+    my $migrate_speed = $conf->{migrate_speed} // 0;
+    $migrate_speed *= 1024; # migrate_speed is in MB/s, bwlimit in KB/s
+
+    if ($bwlimit && $migrate_speed) {
+        $migrate_speed = ($bwlimit < $migrate_speed) ? $bwlimit : $migrate_speed;
+    } else {
+        $migrate_speed ||= $bwlimit;
+    }
+    $migrate_speed ||= ($defaults->{migrate_speed} || 0) * 1024;
+
+    if ($migrate_speed) {
+        $migrate_speed *= 1024; # qmp takes migrate_speed in B/s.
+        $self->log('info', "migration speed limit: " . render_bytes($migrate_speed, 1) . "/s");
+    } else {
+        # always set migrate speed as QEMU default to 128 MiBps == 1 Gbps, use 16 GiBps == 128 Gbps
+        $migrate_speed = (16 << 30);
+    }
+    $qemu_migrate_params->{'max-bandwidth'} = int($migrate_speed);
+
+    my $migrate_downtime = $defaults->{migrate_downtime};
+    $migrate_downtime = $conf->{migrate_downtime} if defined($conf->{migrate_downtime});
+    # migrate-set-parameters expects limit in ms
+    $migrate_downtime *= 1000;
+    $migrate_downtime = cap_migrate_downtime($self, $migrate_downtime);
+    $self->log('info', "migration downtime limit: $migrate_downtime ms");
+    $qemu_migrate_params->{'downtime-limit'} = int($migrate_downtime);
+
+    # set cachesize to 10% of the total memory
+    my $memory = get_current_memory($conf->{memory});
+    my $cachesize = int($memory * 1048576 / 10);
+    $cachesize = round_powerof2($cachesize);
+
+    $self->log('info', "migration cachesize: " . render_bytes($cachesize, 1));
+    $qemu_migrate_params->{'xbzrle-cache-size'} = int($cachesize);
+
+    $self->log('info', "set migration parameters");
+    eval { mon_cmd($vmid, "migrate-set-parameters", %{$qemu_migrate_params}); };
+    $self->log('info', "migrate-set-parameters error: $@") if $@;
+
+    if (PVE::QemuServer::vga_conf_has_spice($conf->{vga}) && !$self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        my $rpcenv = PVE::RPCEnvironment::get();
+        my $authuser = $rpcenv->get_user();
+
+        my $target_version = PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::get_node_pvecfg_version($self->{node});
+
+        my $ticket_port = undef;
+        # Check if target is new enough for having the port encoded in the proxy ticket.
+        if (
+            $target_version
+            && PVE::QemuServer::Helpers::pvecfg_min_version($target_version, 9, 1, 9)
+        ) {
+            $ticket_port = $spice_port;
+        }
+
+        my (undef, $proxyticket) = PVE::AccessControl::assemble_spice_ticket(
+            $authuser, $vmid, $self->{node}, $ticket_port,
+        );
+
+        my $filename = "/etc/pve/nodes/$self->{node}/pve-ssl.pem";
+        my $subject = PVE::AccessControl::read_x509_subject_spice($filename);
+
+        $self->log('info', "spice client_migrate_info");
+
+        eval {
+            mon_cmd(
+                $vmid, "client_migrate_info",
+                protocol => 'spice',
+                hostname => $proxyticket,
+                'port' => 0,
+                'tls-port' => $spice_port,
+                'cert-subject' => $subject,
+            );
+        };
+        $self->log('info', "client_migrate_info error: $@") if $@;
+
+    }
+
+    my $start = time();
+
+    $self->log('info', "start migrate command to $migrate_uri");
+    eval { mon_cmd($vmid, "migrate", uri => $migrate_uri); };
+    my $merr = $@;
+    $self->log('info', "migrate uri => $migrate_uri failed: $merr") if $merr;
+
+    my $last_mem_transferred = 0;
+    my $last_vfio_transferred = 0;
+    my $usleep = 1000000;
+    my $i = 0;
+    my $err_count = 0;
+    my $lastrem = undef;
+    my $downtimecounter = 0;
+    while (1) {
+        $i++;
+        my $avglstat = $last_mem_transferred ? $last_mem_transferred / $i : 0;
+
+        usleep($usleep);
+
+        my $stat = eval { mon_cmd($vmid, "query-migrate") };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $err_count++;
+            warn "query migrate failed: $err\n";
+            $self->log('info', "query migrate failed: $err");
+            if ($err_count <= 5) {
+                usleep(1_000_000);
+                next;
+            }
+            die "too many query migrate failures - aborting\n";
+        }
+
+        my $status = $stat->{status};
+        if (defined($status) && $status =~ m/^(cancelling|setup|wait-unplug)$/im) {
+            $self->log('info', "migration in status '$status' - waiting for transition");
+            sleep(1);
+            next;
+        }
+
+        if (!defined($status) || $status !~ m/^(active|cancelled|completed|device|failed)$/im) {
+            die $merr if $merr;
+            die "unable to parse migration status '$status' - aborting\n";
+        }
+        $merr = undef;
+        $err_count = 0;
+
+        my $memstat = $stat->{ram};
+
+        my $mem_transferred = $memstat->{transferred} || 0;
+        my $vfio_transferred = $stat->{vfio}->{transferred} || 0;
+
+        if ($status eq 'completed') {
+            my $delay = time() - $start;
+            if ($delay > 0) {
+                my $total = $memstat->{total} || 0;
+                my $avg_speed = render_bytes($total / $delay, 1);
+                my $downtime = $stat->{downtime} || 0;
+                $self->log('info', "average migration speed: $avg_speed/s - downtime $downtime ms");
+            }
+
+            if ($mem_transferred > 0 || $vfio_transferred > 0) {
+                my $transferred_h = render_bytes($mem_transferred, 1);
+                my $summary = "transferred $transferred_h VM-state";
+
+                if ($vfio_transferred > 0) {
+                    my $vfio_h = render_bytes($vfio_transferred, 1);
+                    $summary .= " (+ $vfio_h VFIO-state)";
+                }
+
+                $self->log('info', "migration $status, $summary");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($status eq 'failed' || $status eq 'cancelled') {
+            my $message = $stat->{'error-desc'} ? "$status - $stat->{'error-desc'}" : $status;
+            $self->log('info', "migration status error: $message");
+            die "aborting\n";
+        }
+
+        if ($status ne 'active' && $status ne 'device') {
+            $self->log('info', "migration status: $status");
+            last;
+        }
+
+        if (
+            $mem_transferred ne $last_mem_transferred
+            || $vfio_transferred ne $last_vfio_transferred
+        ) {
+            my $rem = $memstat->{remaining} || 0;
+            my $total = $memstat->{total} || 0;
+            my $speed = ($memstat->{'pages-per-second'} // 0) * ($memstat->{'page-size'} // 0);
+            my $dirty_rate = ($memstat->{'dirty-pages-rate'} // 0) * ($memstat->{'page-size'} // 0);
+
+            # reduce sleep if remaining memory is lower than the average transfer speed
+            $usleep = 100_000 if $avglstat && $rem < $avglstat;
+
+            # also reduce logging if we poll more frequent
+            my $should_log = $usleep > 100_000 ? 1 : ($i % 10) == 0;
+
+            my $total_h = render_bytes($total, 1);
+            my $transferred_h = render_bytes($mem_transferred, 1);
+            my $speed_h = render_bytes($speed, 1);
+
+            my $progress = "transferred $transferred_h of $total_h VM-state, ${speed_h}/s";
+
+            if ($vfio_transferred > 0) {
+                my $vfio_h = render_bytes($vfio_transferred, 1);
+                $progress .= " (+ $vfio_h VFIO-state)";
+            }
+
+            if ($dirty_rate > $speed) {
+                my $dirty_rate_h = render_bytes($dirty_rate, 1);
+                $progress .= ", VM dirties lots of memory: $dirty_rate_h/s";
+            }
+
+            $self->log('info', "migration $status, $progress") if $should_log;
+
+            my $xbzrle = $stat->{"xbzrle-cache"} || {};
+            my ($xbzrlebytes, $xbzrlepages) = $xbzrle->@{ 'bytes', 'pages' };
+            if ($xbzrlebytes || $xbzrlepages) {
+                my $bytes_h = render_bytes($xbzrlebytes, 1);
+
+                my $msg = "send updates to $xbzrlepages pages in $bytes_h encoded memory";
+
+                $msg .= sprintf(", cache-miss %.2f%%", $xbzrle->{'cache-miss-rate'} * 100)
+                    if $xbzrle->{'cache-miss-rate'};
+
+                $msg .= ", overflow $xbzrle->{overflow}" if $xbzrle->{overflow};
+
+                $self->log('info', "xbzrle: $msg") if $should_log;
+            }
+
+            if (($lastrem && $rem > $lastrem) || ($rem == 0)) {
+                $downtimecounter++;
+            }
+            $lastrem = $rem;
+
+            if ($downtimecounter > 5) {
+                $downtimecounter = 0;
+                $migrate_downtime = increase_migrate_downtime($self, $vmid, $migrate_downtime);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $last_mem_transferred = $mem_transferred;
+        $last_vfio_transferred = $vfio_transferred;
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{storage_migration}) {
+        # finish block-job with block-job-cancel, to disconnect source VM from NBD
+        # to avoid it trying to re-establish it. We are in blockjob ready state,
+        # thus, this command changes to it to blockjob complete (see qapi docs)
+        eval {
+            PVE::QemuServer::BlockJob::monitor(
+                vm_qmp_peer($vmid), undef, $self->{storage_migration_jobs}, 'cancel',
+            );
+        };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            die "Failed to complete storage migration: $err\n";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub phase2_cleanup {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $err) = @_;
+
+    return if !$self->{errors};
+    $self->{phase2errors} = 1;
+
+    $self->log('info', "aborting phase 2 - cleanup resources");
+
+    $self->log('info', "migrate_cancel");
+    eval { mon_cmd($vmid, "migrate_cancel"); };
+    $self->log('info', "migrate_cancel error: $@") if $@;
+
+    my $vm_status =
+        eval { mon_cmd($vmid, 'query-status')->{status} or die "no 'status' in result\n"; };
+    $self->log('err', "query-status error: $@") if $@;
+
+    # Can end up in POSTMIGRATE state if failure occurred after convergence. Try going back to
+    # original state. Unfortunately, direct transition from POSTMIGRATE to PAUSED is not possible.
+    if ($vm_status && $vm_status eq 'postmigrate') {
+        if (!$self->{vm_was_paused}) {
+            eval { mon_cmd($vmid, 'cont'); };
+            $self->log('err', "resuming VM failed: $@") if $@;
+        } else {
+            $self->log('err', "VM was paused, but ended in postmigrate state");
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    delete $conf->{lock};
+    eval { PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf) };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', $err);
+    }
+
+    # cleanup resources on target host
+    if ($self->{storage_migration}) {
+        eval {
+            PVE::QemuServer::BlockJob::qemu_blockjobs_cancel(
+                vm_qmp_peer($vmid),
+                $self->{storage_migration_jobs},
+            );
+        };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('err', $err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    eval { $self->cleanup_bitmaps() };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', $err);
+    }
+
+    my $nodename = PVE::INotify::nodename();
+
+    if ($self->{tunnel} && $self->{tunnel}->{version} >= 2) {
+        PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($self->{tunnel}, 10, 'stop');
+    } else {
+        my $cmd =
+            [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, 'qm', 'stop', $vmid, '--skiplock', '--migratedfrom', $nodename];
+        eval {
+            PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd, outfunc => sub { }, errfunc => sub { });
+        };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('err', $err);
+            $self->{errors} = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    # cleanup after stopping, otherwise disks might be in-use by target VM!
+    eval { PVE::QemuMigrate::cleanup_remotedisks($self) };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', $err);
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{running} && $self->{opts}->{'with-conntrack-state'}) {
+        # if the VM is running, that means we also tried to migrate additional
+        # state via our dbus-vmstate helper
+        # only need to locally stop it, on the target the VM cleanup will
+        # handle it
+        PVE::QemuServer::DBusVMState::qemu_del_dbus_vmstate($vmid);
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{tunnel}) {
+        eval { PVE::Tunnel::finish_tunnel($self->{tunnel}); };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('err', $err);
+            $self->{errors} = 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub phase3 {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    return;
+}
+
+sub phase3_cleanup {
+    my ($self, $vmid, $err) = @_;
+
+    my $conf = $self->{vmconf};
+    return if $self->{phase2errors};
+
+    my $tunnel = $self->{tunnel};
+
+    # we'll need an unmodified copy of the config later for the cleanup
+    my $oldconf = dclone($conf);
+
+    if ($self->{volume_map} && !$self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        my $target_drives = $self->{target_drive};
+
+        # FIXME: for NBD storage migration we now only update the volid, and
+        # not the full drivestr from the target node. Workaround that until we
+        # got some real rescan, to avoid things like wrong format in the drive
+        delete $conf->{$_} for keys %$target_drives;
+        PVE::QemuConfig->update_volume_ids($conf, $self->{volume_map});
+
+        for my $drive (keys %$target_drives) {
+            $conf->{$drive} = $target_drives->{$drive}->{drivestr};
+        }
+        PVE::QemuConfig->write_config($vmid, $conf);
+    }
+
+    # transfer replication state before move config
+    if (!$self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+        $self->transfer_replication_state() if $self->{is_replicated};
+        PVE::QemuConfig->move_config_to_node($vmid, $self->{node});
+        $self->switch_replication_job_target() if $self->{is_replicated};
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{livemigration}) {
+        if ($self->{stopnbd}) {
+            $self->log('info', "stopping NBD storage migration server on target.");
+            # stop nbd server on remote vm - requirement for resume since 2.9
+            if ($tunnel && $tunnel->{version} && $tunnel->{version} >= 2) {
+                eval { PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($tunnel, 30, 'nbdstop'); };
+                if (my $err = $@) {
+                    $self->log('err', $err);
+                    $self->{errors} = 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, 'qm', 'nbdstop', $vmid];
+
+                eval {
+                    PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd, outfunc => sub { }, errfunc => sub { });
+                };
+                if (my $err = $@) {
+                    $self->log('err', $err);
+                    $self->{errors} = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        # deletes local FDB entries if learning is disabled, they'll be re-added on target on resume
+        PVE::QemuServer::Network::del_nets_bridge_fdb($conf, $vmid);
+
+        if (!$self->{vm_was_paused}) {
+            # config moved and nbd server stopped - now we can resume vm on target
+            if ($tunnel && $tunnel->{version} && $tunnel->{version} >= 1) {
+                my $cmd = $tunnel->{version} == 1 ? "resume $vmid" : "resume";
+                eval { PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($tunnel, 30, $cmd); };
+                if (my $err = $@) {
+                    $self->log('err', $err);
+                    $self->{errors} = 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                # nocheck in case target node hasn't processed the config move/rename yet
+                my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, 'qm', 'resume', $vmid, '--skiplock', '--nocheck'];
+                my $logf = sub {
+                    my $line = shift;
+                    $self->log('err', $line);
+                };
+                eval {
+                    PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd, outfunc => sub { }, errfunc => $logf);
+                };
+                if (my $err = $@) {
+                    $self->log('err', $err);
+                    $self->{errors} = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (
+            $self->{storage_migration}
+            && PVE::QemuServer::Agent::get_qga_key($conf, 'fstrim_cloned_disks')
+            && $self->{running}
+        ) {
+            if (!$self->{vm_was_paused}) {
+                $self->log('info', "issuing guest fstrim");
+                if ($self->{opts}->{remote}) {
+                    PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($self->{tunnel}, 600, 'fstrim');
+                } else {
+                    my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, 'qm', 'guest', 'cmd', $vmid, 'fstrim'];
+                    eval {
+                        PVE::Tools::run_command($cmd, outfunc => sub { }, errfunc => sub { });
+                    };
+                    if (my $err = $@) {
+                        $self->log('err', "fstrim failed - $err");
+                        $self->{errors} = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                $self->log('info', "skipping guest fstrim, because VM is paused");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($self->{running} && $self->{opts}->{'with-conntrack-state'}) {
+            # if the VM is running, that means we also migrated additional
+            # state via our dbus-vmstate helper
+            $self->log('info', 'stopping migration dbus-vmstate helpers');
+
+            # first locally
+            my $num = PVE::QemuServer::DBusVMState::qemu_del_dbus_vmstate($vmid);
+            if (defined($num)) {
+                my $plural = $num != 1 ? "entries" : "entry";
+                $self->log('info', "migrated $num conntrack state $plural");
+            }
+
+            # .. and then remote
+            my $targetnode = $self->{node};
+            eval {
+                # FIXME: introduce proper way to call API methods on another node?
+                # See also e.g. pve-network/src/PVE/API2/Network/SDN.pm, which
+                # does something similar.
+                PVE::Tools::run_command([
+                    'pvesh',
+                    'create',
+                    "/nodes/$targetnode/qemu/$vmid/dbus-vmstate",
+                    '--action',
+                    'stop',
+                ]);
+            };
+            if (my $err = $@) {
+                $self->log('warn', "failed to stop dbus-vmstate on $targetnode: $err\n");
+            }
+
+            # also flush now-old local conntrack entries for the migrated VM
+            $self->log('info', 'flushing conntrack state for guest on source node');
+            PVE::Firewall::Helpers::flush_fw_ct_entries_by_mark($vmid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    # close tunnel on successful migration, on error phase2_cleanup closed it
+    if ($tunnel && $tunnel->{version} == 1) {
+        eval { PVE::Tunnel::finish_tunnel($tunnel); };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('err', $err);
+            $self->{errors} = 1;
+        }
+        $tunnel = undef;
+        delete $self->{tunnel};
+    }
+
+    eval {
+        my $timer = 0;
+        if (PVE::QemuServer::vga_conf_has_spice($conf->{vga}) && $self->{running}) {
+            $self->log('info', "Waiting for spice server migration");
+            while (1) {
+                my $res = mon_cmd($vmid, 'query-spice');
+                last if int($res->{'migrated'}) == 1;
+                last if $timer > 50;
+                $timer++;
+                usleep(200000);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    # always stop local VM with nocheck, since config is moved already
+    eval { PVE::QemuServer::vm_stop($self->{storecfg}, $vmid, 1, 1); };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', "stopping vm failed - $err");
+        $self->{errors} = 1;
+    }
+
+    # stop with nocheck does not do a cleanup, so do it here with the original config.
+    # skip the post-stop hookscript - migration kept the guest active, the symmetric
+    # post-stop on the source side never fired before this codepath was added and
+    # hookscripts that release per-host resources should not be re-triggered here.
+    eval {
+        PVE::QemuServer::vm_stop_cleanup(
+            $self->{storecfg}, $vmid, $oldconf, undef, undef, undef, 1,
+        );
+    };
+    if (my $err = $@) {
+        $self->log('err', "Cleanup after stopping VM failed - $err");
+        $self->{errors} = 1;
+    }
+
+    my @not_replicated_volumes = $self->filter_local_volumes(undef, 0);
+
+    # destroy local copies
+    foreach my $volid (@not_replicated_volumes) {
+        # remote is cleaned up below
+        next if $self->{opts}->{remote};
+
+        eval { PVE::Storage::vdisk_free($self->{storecfg}, $volid); };
+        if (my $err = $@) {
+            $self->log('err', "removing local copy of '$volid' failed - $err");
+            $self->{errors} = 1;
+            last if $err =~ /^interrupted by signal$/;
+        }
+    }
+
+    # clear migrate lock
+    if ($tunnel && $tunnel->{version} >= 2) {
+        PVE::Tunnel::write_tunnel($tunnel, 10, "unlock");
+
+        PVE::Tunnel::finish_tunnel($tunnel);
+    } else {
+        my $cmd = [@{ $self->{rem_ssh} }, 'qm', 'unlock', $vmid];
+        $self->cmd_logerr($cmd, errmsg => "failed to clear migrate lock");
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{opts}->{remote} && $self->{opts}->{delete}) {
+        eval { PVE::QemuServer::destroy_vm($self->{storecfg}, $vmid, 1, undef, 0) };
+        warn "Failed to remove source VM - $@\n" if $@;
+    }
+}
+
+sub final_cleanup {
+    my ($self, $vmid) = @_;
+
+    # nothing to do
+}
+
+sub round_powerof2 {
+    return 1 if $_[0] < 2;
+    return 2 << int(log($_[0] - 1) / log(2));
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/src/test/run_qemu_migrate_tests.pl b/src/test/run_qemu_migrate_tests.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05eed1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/run_qemu_migrate_tests.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,1827 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use JSON;
+use Test::More;
+use Test::MockModule;
+
+use PVE::JSONSchema;
+use PVE::Tools qw(file_set_contents file_get_contents run_command);
+
+my $QM_LIB_PATH = '..';
+my $MIGRATE_LIB_PATH = '..';
+my $RUN_DIR_PATH = './MigrationTest/run/';
+
+# test configuration shared by all tests
+
+my $replication_config = {
+    'ids' => {
+        '105-0' => {
+            'guest' => '105',
+            'id' => '105-0',
+            'jobnum' => '0',
+            'source' => 'pve0',
+            'target' => 'pve2',
+            'type' => 'local',
+        },
+    },
+    'order' => {
+        '105-0' => 1,
+    },
+};
+
+my $storage_config = {
+    ids => {
+        local => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+            },
+            path => "/var/lib/vz",
+            type => "dir",
+            shared => 0,
+        },
+        "local-lvm" => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+            },
+            nodes => {
+                pve0 => 1,
+                pve1 => 1,
+            },
+            type => "lvmthin",
+            thinpool => "data",
+            vgname => "pve",
+        },
+        "local-zfs" => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+                rootdir => 1,
+            },
+            pool => "rpool/data",
+            sparse => 1,
+            type => "zfspool",
+        },
+        "rbd-store" => {
+            monhost => "127.0.0.42,127.0.0.21,::1",
+            fsid => 'fc4181a6-56eb-4f68-b452-8ba1f381ca2a',
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+            },
+            type => "rbd",
+            pool => "cpool",
+            username => "admin",
+            shared => 1,
+        },
+        "local-dir" => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+            },
+            path => "/some/dir/",
+            type => "dir",
+        },
+        "other-dir" => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+            },
+            path => "/some/other/dir/",
+            type => "dir",
+        },
+        "zfs-alias-1" => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+                rootdir => 1,
+            },
+            pool => "aliaspool",
+            sparse => 1,
+            type => "zfspool",
+        },
+        "zfs-alias-2" => {
+            content => {
+                images => 1,
+                rootdir => 1,
+            },
+            pool => "aliaspool",
+            sparse => 1,
+            type => "zfspool",
+        },
+    },
+};
+
+my $vm_configs = {
+    105 => {
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'ide0' => 'local-zfs:vm-105-disk-1,size=103M',
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'memory' => 512,
+        'name' => 'Copy-of-VM-newapache',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=4A:A3:E4:4C:CF:F0,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+        'numa' => 0,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'parent' => 'ohsnap',
+        'pending' => {},
+        'scsi0' => 'local-zfs:vm-105-disk-0,size=4G',
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=1ddfe18b-77e0-47f6-a4bd-f1761bf6d763',
+        'snapshots' => {
+            'ohsnap' => {
+                'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+                'cores' => 1,
+                'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+                'memory' => 512,
+                'name' => 'Copy-of-VM-newapache',
+                'net0' => 'virtio=4A:A3:E4:4C:CF:F0,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+                'numa' => 0,
+                'ostype' => 'l26',
+                'scsi0' => 'local-zfs:vm-105-disk-0,size=4G',
+                'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+                'smbios1' => 'uuid=1ddfe18b-77e0-47f6-a4bd-f1761bf6d763',
+                'snaptime' => 1580976924,
+                'sockets' => 1,
+                'startup' => 'order=2',
+                'vmgenid' => '4eb1d535-9381-4ddc-a8aa-af50c4d9177b',
+            },
+        },
+        'sockets' => 1,
+        'startup' => 'order=2',
+        'vmgenid' => '4eb1d535-9381-4ddc-a8aa-af50c4d9177b',
+    },
+    111 => {
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'ide0' => 'local-lvm:vm-111-disk-0,size=4096M',
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'memory' => 512,
+        'name' => 'pending-test',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=4A:A3:E4:4C:CF:F0,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+        'numa' => 0,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'pending' => {
+            'scsi0' => 'local-zfs:vm-111-disk-0,size=103M',
+        },
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'snapshots' => {},
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=5ad71d4d-8f73-4377-853e-2d22c10c96a5',
+        'sockets' => 1,
+        'vmgenid' => '2c00c030-0b5b-4988-a371-6ab259893f22',
+    },
+    123 => {
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'scsi0' => 'zfs-alias-1:vm-123-disk-0,size=4096M',
+        'scsi1' => 'zfs-alias-2:vm-123-disk-0,size=4096M',
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'memory' => 512,
+        'name' => 'alias-test',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=4A:A3:E4:4C:CF:F0,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+        'numa' => 0,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'pending' => {},
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'snapshots' => {},
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=5ad71d4d-8f73-4377-853e-2d22c10c96a5',
+        'sockets' => 1,
+        'vmgenid' => '2c00c030-0b5b-4988-a371-6ab259893f22',
+    },
+    149 => {
+        'agent' => '0',
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'hotplug' => 'disk,network,usb,memory,cpu',
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'memory' => 4096,
+        'name' => 'asdf',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=52:5D:7E:62:85:97,bridge=vmbr1',
+        'numa' => 1,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'scsi0' => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0,format=raw,size=4G',
+        'scsi1' => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'snapshots' => {},
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=e980bd43-a405-42e2-b5f4-31efe6517460',
+        'sockets' => 1,
+        'startup' => 'order=2',
+        'vmgenid' => '36c6c50c-6ef5-4adc-9b6f-6ba9c8071db0',
+    },
+    341 => {
+        'arch' => 'aarch64',
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'efidisk0' => 'local-lvm:vm-341-disk-0',
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'ipconfig0' => 'ip=103.214.69.10/25,gw=103.214.69.1',
+        'memory' => 4096,
+        'name' => 'VM1033',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=4E:F1:82:6D:D7:4B,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1,rate=10',
+        'numa' => 0,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'scsi0' => 'rbd-store:vm-341-disk-0,size=1G',
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'snapshots' => {},
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=e01e4c73-46f1-47c8-af79-288fdf6b7462',
+        'sockets' => 2,
+        'vmgenid' => 'af47c000-eb0c-48e8-8991-ca4593cd6916',
+    },
+    1033 => {
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'ide0' => 'rbd-store:vm-1033-cloudinit,media=cdrom,size=4M',
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'ipconfig0' => 'ip=103.214.69.10/25,gw=103.214.69.1',
+        'memory' => 4096,
+        'name' => 'VM1033',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=4E:F1:82:6D:D7:4B,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1,rate=10',
+        'numa' => 0,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'scsi0' => 'rbd-store:vm-1033-disk-1,size=1G',
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'snapshots' => {},
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=e01e4c73-46f1-47c8-af79-288fdf6b7462',
+        'sockets' => 2,
+        'vmgenid' => 'af47c000-eb0c-48e8-8991-ca4593cd6916',
+    },
+    4567 => {
+        'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+        'cores' => 1,
+        'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+        'memory' => 512,
+        'name' => 'snapme',
+        'net0' => 'virtio=A6:D1:F1:EB:7B:C2,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+        'numa' => 0,
+        'ostype' => 'l26',
+        'parent' => 'snap1',
+        'pending' => {},
+        'scsi0' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G',
+        'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+        'smbios1' => 'uuid=2925fdec-a066-4228-b46b-eef8662f5e74',
+        'snapshots' => {
+            'snap1' => {
+                'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+                'cores' => 1,
+                'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+                'memory' => 512,
+                'name' => 'snapme',
+                'net0' => 'virtio=A6:D1:F1:EB:7B:C2,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+                'numa' => 0,
+                'ostype' => 'l26',
+                'runningcpu' => 'kvm64,enforce,+kvm_pv_eoi,+kvm_pv_unhalt,+lahf_lm,+sep',
+                'runningmachine' => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+                'scsi0' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G',
+                'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+                'smbios1' => 'uuid=2925fdec-a066-4228-b46b-eef8662f5e74',
+                'snaptime' => 1595928799,
+                'sockets' => 1,
+                'startup' => 'order=2',
+                'vmgenid' => '932b227a-8a39-4ede-955a-dbd4bc4385ed',
+                'vmstate' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap1.raw',
+            },
+            'snap2' => {
+                'bootdisk' => 'scsi0',
+                'cores' => 1,
+                'ide2' => 'none,media=cdrom',
+                'memory' => 512,
+                'name' => 'snapme',
+                'net0' => 'virtio=A6:D1:F1:EB:7B:C2,bridge=vmbr0,firewall=1',
+                'numa' => 0,
+                'ostype' => 'l26',
+                'parent' => 'snap1',
+                'runningcpu' => 'kvm64,enforce,+kvm_pv_eoi,+kvm_pv_unhalt,+lahf_lm,+sep',
+                'runningmachine' => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+                'scsi0' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G',
+                'scsi1' => 'local-zfs:vm-4567-disk-0,size=1G',
+                'scsihw' => 'virtio-scsi-pci',
+                'smbios1' => 'uuid=2925fdec-a066-4228-b46b-eef8662f5e74',
+                'snaptime' => 1595928871,
+                'sockets' => 1,
+                'startup' => 'order=2',
+                'vmgenid' => '932b227a-8a39-4ede-955a-dbd4bc4385ed',
+                'vmstate' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap2.raw',
+            },
+        },
+        'sockets' => 1,
+        'startup' => 'order=2',
+        'unused0' => 'local-zfs:vm-4567-disk-0',
+        'vmgenid' => 'e698e60c-9278-4dd9-941f-416075383f2a',
+    },
+};
+
+my $source_vdisks = {
+    'local-dir' => [
+        {
+            'ctime' => 1589439681,
+            'format' => 'qcow2',
+            'parent' => undef,
+            'size' => 1073741824,
+            'used' => 335872,
+            'vmid' => '149',
+            'volid' => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => 1595928898,
+            'format' => 'qcow2',
+            'parent' => undef,
+            'size' => 4294967296,
+            'used' => 1811664896,
+            'vmid' => '4567',
+            'volid' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => 1595928800,
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'parent' => undef,
+            'size' => 274666496,
+            'used' => 274669568,
+            'vmid' => '4567',
+            'volid' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap1.raw',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => 1595928872,
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'parent' => undef,
+            'size' => 273258496,
+            'used' => 273260544,
+            'vmid' => '4567',
+            'volid' => 'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap2.raw',
+        },
+    ],
+    'local-lvm' => [
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 4294967296,
+            'vmid' => '149',
+            'volid' => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 4194304,
+            'vmid' => '341',
+            'volid' => 'local-lvm:vm-341-disk-0',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 4294967296,
+            'vmid' => '111',
+            'volid' => 'local-lvm:vm-111-disk-0',
+        },
+    ],
+    'local-zfs' => [
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 4294967296,
+            'vmid' => '105',
+            'volid' => 'local-zfs:vm-105-disk-0',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 108003328,
+            'vmid' => '105',
+            'volid' => 'local-zfs:vm-105-disk-1',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 108003328,
+            'vmid' => '111',
+            'volid' => 'local-zfs:vm-111-disk-0',
+        },
+        {
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'name' => 'vm-4567-disk-0',
+            'parent' => undef,
+            'size' => 1073741824,
+            'vmid' => '4567',
+            'volid' => 'local-zfs:vm-4567-disk-0',
+        },
+    ],
+    'rbd-store' => [
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 1073741824,
+            'vmid' => '1033',
+            'volid' => 'rbd-store:vm-1033-disk-1',
+        },
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 1073741824,
+            'vmid' => '1033',
+            'volid' => 'rbd-store:vm-1033-cloudinit',
+        },
+    ],
+    'zfs-alias-1' => [
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 4294967296,
+            'vmid' => '123',
+            'volid' => 'zfs-alias-1:vm-123-disk-0',
+        },
+    ],
+    'zfs-alias-2' => [
+        {
+            'ctime' => '1589277334',
+            'format' => 'raw',
+            'size' => 4294967296,
+            'vmid' => '123',
+            'volid' => 'zfs-alias-2:vm-123-disk-0',
+        },
+    ],
+};
+
+my $default_expected_calls_online = {
+    move_config_to_node => 1,
+    ssh_qm_start => 1,
+    vm_stop => 1,
+};
+
+my $default_expected_calls_offline = {
+    move_config_to_node => 1,
+};
+
+my $replicated_expected_calls_online = {
+    %{$default_expected_calls_online},
+    transfer_replication_state => 1,
+    switch_replication_job_target => 1,
+};
+
+my $replicated_expected_calls_offline = {
+    %{$default_expected_calls_offline},
+    transfer_replication_state => 1,
+    switch_replication_job_target => 1,
+};
+
+# helpers
+
+sub get_patched_config {
+    my ($vmid, $patch) = @_;
+
+    my $new_config = { %{ $vm_configs->{$vmid} } };
+    patch_config($new_config, $patch) if defined($patch);
+
+    return $new_config;
+}
+
+sub patch_config {
+    my ($config, $patch) = @_;
+
+    foreach my $key (keys %{$patch}) {
+        if ($key eq 'snapshots' && defined($patch->{$key})) {
+            my $new_snapshot_configs = {};
+            foreach my $snap (keys %{ $patch->{snapshots} }) {
+                my $new_snapshot_config = { %{ $config->{snapshots}->{$snap} } };
+                patch_config($new_snapshot_config, $patch->{snapshots}->{$snap});
+                $new_snapshot_configs->{$snap} = $new_snapshot_config;
+            }
+            $config->{snapshots} = $new_snapshot_configs;
+        } elsif (defined($patch->{$key})) {
+            $config->{$key} = $patch->{$key};
+        } else { # use undef value for deletion
+            delete $config->{$key};
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+sub local_volids_for_vm {
+    my ($vmid) = @_;
+
+    my $res = {};
+    foreach my $storeid (keys %{$source_vdisks}) {
+        next if $storage_config->{ids}->{$storeid}->{shared};
+        $res = {
+            %{$res},
+            map { $_->{vmid} eq $vmid ? ($_->{volid} => 1) : () }
+                @{ $source_vdisks->{$storeid} },
+        };
+    }
+    return $res;
+}
+
+my $tests = [
+    # each test consists of the following:
+    # name           - unique name for the test which also serves as a dir name.
+    #                  NOTE: gets passed to make, so don't use whitespace or slash
+    #                        and adapt buildsys (regex) on code structure changes
+    # target         - hostname of target node
+    # vmid           - ID of the VM to migrate
+    # opts           - options for the migrate() call
+    # target_volids  - hash of volids on the target at the beginning
+    # vm_status      - hash with running, runningmachine and optionally runningcpu
+    # expected_calls - hash whose keys are calls which are required
+    #                  to be made if the migration gets far enough
+    # expect_die     - expect the migration call to fail, and an error message
+    #                  matching the specified text in the log
+    # expected       - hash consisting of:
+    #                  source_volids    - hash of volids expected on the source
+    #                  target_volids    - hash of volids expected on the target
+    #                  vm_config        - vm configuration hash
+    #                  vm_status        - hash with running, runningmachine and optionally runningcpu
+    {
+        # NOTE get_efivars_size is mocked and returns 128K
+        name => '341_running_efidisk_targetstorage_dir',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 341,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+            targetstorage => 'local-dir',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-dir:341/vm-341-disk-10.raw' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                341,
+                {
+                    efidisk0 => 'local-dir:341/vm-341-disk-10.raw,format=raw,size=128K',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        # NOTE get_efivars_size is mocked and returns 128K
+        name => '341_running_efidisk',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 341,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-341-disk-10' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                341,
+                {
+                    efidisk0 => 'local-lvm:vm-341-disk-10,format=raw,size=128K',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_vdisk_alloc_and_pvesm_free_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        fail_config => {
+            vdisk_alloc => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2',
+            pvesm_free => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "remote command failed with exit code",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_vdisk_alloc_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        fail_config => {
+            vdisk_alloc => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "remote command failed with exit code",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_vdisk_free_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        fail_config => {
+            'vdisk_free' => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expect_die => "vdisk_free 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0' error",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0' => 1,
+            },
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_replicated_run_replication_fail',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+        fail_config => {
+            run_replication => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => 'run_replication error',
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{105},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '1033_running_query_migrate_fail',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 1033,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+        },
+        fail_config => {
+            'query-migrate' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => 'online migrate failure - aborting',
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{1033},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '4567_targetstorage_dirotherdir',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 4567,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            targetstorage => 'local-dir:other-dir,local-zfs:local-zfs',
+        },
+        storage_migrate_map => {
+            'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2' => '4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2',
+            'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap1.raw' => '4567/vm-4567-state-snap1.raw',
+            'local-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap2.raw' => '4567/vm-4567-state-snap2.raw',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2' => 1,
+                'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap1.raw' => 1,
+                'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap2.raw' => 1,
+                'local-zfs:vm-4567-disk-0' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                4567,
+                {
+                    'scsi0' => 'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G',
+                    snapshots => {
+                        snap1 => {
+                            'scsi0' => 'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G',
+                            'vmstate' => 'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap1.raw',
+                        },
+                        snap2 => {
+                            'scsi0' => 'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-disk-0.qcow2,size=4G',
+                            'scsi1' => 'local-zfs:vm-4567-disk-0,size=1G',
+                            'vmstate' => 'other-dir:4567/vm-4567-state-snap2.raw',
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '4567_running',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 4567,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => 'online storage migration not possible if non-replicated snapshot exists',
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(4567),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{4567},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '4567_offline',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 4567,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(4567),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{4567},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_orphaned_disk_targetstorage_zfs',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+            targetstorage => 'local-zfs',
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            scsi1 => undef,
+        },
+        storage_migrate_map => {
+            'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2' => 'vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2' => 1,
+            },
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => undef,
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_orphaned_disk',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            scsi1 => undef,
+        },
+        storage_migrate_map => {
+            'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2' => '149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2' => 1,
+            },
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => undef,
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        # FIXME: This test is not (yet) a realistic situation, because
+        # storage_migrate currently never changes the format (AFAICT)
+        # But if such migrations become possible, we need to either update
+        # the 'format' property or simply remove it for drives migrated
+        # with storage_migrate (the property is optional, so it shouldn't be a problem)
+        name => '149_targetstorage_map_lvmzfs_defaultlvm',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            targetstorage => 'local-lvm:local-zfs,local-lvm',
+        },
+        storage_migrate_map => {
+            'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0' => 'vm-149-disk-0',
+            'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2' => 'vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-0' => 1,
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-0,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        # FIXME same as for the previous test
+        name => '149_targetstorage_map_dirzfs_lvmdir',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+            targetstorage => 'local-dir:local-zfs,local-lvm:local-dir',
+        },
+        storage_migrate_map => {
+            'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0' => '149/vm-149-disk-0.raw',
+            'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2' => 'vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.raw' => 1,
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-0' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.raw,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-0,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_targetstorage_map_lvmzfs_defaultlvm',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+            targetstorage => 'local-lvm:local-zfs,local-lvm',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-11' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-11,format=raw,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_targetstorage_map_lvmzfs_dirdir',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+            targetstorage => 'local-lvm:local-zfs,local-dir:local-dir',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_targetstorage_zfs',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+            targetstorage => 'local-zfs',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+                'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-11' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-zfs:vm-149-disk-11,format=raw,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_wrong_size',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            scsi0 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0,size=123T',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_missing_size',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            scsi0 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_local_device_shared',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            ide2 => '/dev/sde,shared=1',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(105, {
+                    ide2 => '/dev/sde,shared=1',
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_local_device_in_snapshot',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            snapshots => {
+                ohsnap => {
+                    ide2 => '/dev/sde',
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "can't migrate local disk '/dev/sde': local file/device",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(105, {
+                    snapshots => {
+                        ohsnap => {
+                            ide2 => '/dev/sde',
+                        },
+                    },
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_local_device',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            ide2 => '/dev/sde',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "can't migrate local disk '/dev/sde': local file/device",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(105, {
+                    ide2 => '/dev/sde',
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_cdrom_in_snapshot',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            snapshots => {
+                ohsnap => {
+                    ide2 => 'cdrom,media=cdrom',
+                },
+            },
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "can't migrate local cdrom drive (referenced in snapshot - ohsnap",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                105,
+                {
+                    snapshots => {
+                        ohsnap => {
+                            ide2 => 'cdrom,media=cdrom',
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_cdrom',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            ide2 => 'cdrom,media=cdrom',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "can't migrate local cdrom drive",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(105, {
+                    ide2 => 'cdrom,media=cdrom',
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_missing_option_withlocaldisks',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "can't live migrate attached local disks without with-local-disks option",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_missing_option_online',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "can't migrate running VM without --online",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '1033_running_customcpu',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 1033,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            runningcpu => 'host,+kvm_pv_eoi,+kvm_pv_unhalt',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            cpu => 'custom-mycpu',
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(1033, {
+                    cpu => 'custom-mycpu',
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+                runningcpu => 'host,+kvm_pv_eoi,+kvm_pv_unhalt',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_replicated_to_non_replication_target',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        target_volids => {},
+        expected_calls => $replicated_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{105},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_running_replicated',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+        expected_calls => {
+            %{$replicated_expected_calls_online},
+            'block-dirty-bitmap-add-drive-scsi0' => 1,
+            'block-dirty-bitmap-add-drive-ide0' => 1,
+        },
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{105},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_replicated',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+        expected_calls => $replicated_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{105},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_running_replicated_without_snapshot',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            snapshots => undef,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+        expected_calls => {
+            %{$replicated_expected_calls_online},
+            'block-dirty-bitmap-add-drive-scsi0' => 1,
+            'block-dirty-bitmap-add-drive-ide0' => 1,
+        },
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(105, {
+                    snapshots => {},
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-i440fx-10.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '105_replicated_without_snapshot',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 105,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            snapshots => undef,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+        },
+        target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+        expected_calls => $replicated_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(105),
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(105, {
+                    snapshots => {},
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '1033_running',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 1033,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{1033},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_locked',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            lock => 'locked',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "VM is locked",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(149, {
+                    lock => 'locked',
+            }),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_storage_not_available',
+        target => 'pve2',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "storage 'local-lvm' is not available on node 'pve2'",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10' => 1,
+                'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi0 => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    scsi1 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-11.qcow2,format=qcow2,size=1G',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_drive_mirror_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "qemu_drive_mirror 'scsi1' error",
+        fail_config => {
+            'qemu_drive_mirror' => 'scsi1',
+        },
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_running_unused_block_job_cancel_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        config_patch => {
+            scsi1 => undef,
+            unused0 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "block_job_monitor 'cancel' error",
+        # note that 'cancel' is also used to finish and that's what this test is about
+        fail_config => {
+            'block_job_monitor' => 'cancel',
+        },
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                149,
+                {
+                    scsi1 => undef,
+                    unused0 => 'local-dir:149/vm-149-disk-0.qcow2',
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_offline',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_offline,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '149_storage_migrate_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 149,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        fail_config => {
+            'storage_migrate' => 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0',
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "storage_migrate 'local-lvm:vm-149-disk-0' error",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(149),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{149},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '111_running_pending',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 111,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 1,
+            runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+        },
+        opts => {
+            online => 1,
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => $default_expected_calls_online,
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => {},
+            target_volids => {
+                'local-zfs:vm-111-disk-0' => 1,
+                'local-lvm:vm-111-disk-10' => 1,
+            },
+            vm_config => get_patched_config(
+                111,
+                {
+                    ide0 => 'local-lvm:vm-111-disk-10,format=raw,size=4G',
+                    pending => {
+                        scsi0 => 'local-zfs:vm-111-disk-0,size=103M',
+                    },
+                },
+            ),
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 1,
+                runningmachine => 'pc-q35-5.0+pve0',
+            },
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        name => '123_alias_fail',
+        target => 'pve1',
+        vmid => 123,
+        vm_status => {
+            running => 0,
+        },
+        opts => {
+            'with-local-disks' => 1,
+        },
+        expected_calls => {},
+        expect_die => "detected not supported aliased volumes",
+        expected => {
+            source_volids => local_volids_for_vm(123),
+            target_volids => {},
+            vm_config => $vm_configs->{123},
+            vm_status => {
+                running => 0,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+];
+
+my $single_test_name = shift;
+
+mkdir $RUN_DIR_PATH;
+
+foreach my $test (@{$tests}) {
+    my $name = $test->{name};
+    next if defined($single_test_name) && $name ne $single_test_name;
+
+    my $run_dir = "${RUN_DIR_PATH}/${name}";
+
+    mkdir $run_dir;
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/replication_config", to_json($replication_config));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/storage_config", to_json($storage_config));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/source_vdisks", to_json($source_vdisks));
+
+    my $expect_die = $test->{expect_die};
+    my $expected = $test->{expected};
+
+    my $source_volids = local_volids_for_vm($test->{vmid});
+    my $target_volids = $test->{target_volids} // {};
+
+    my $config_patch = $test->{config_patch};
+    my $vm_config = get_patched_config($test->{vmid}, $test->{config_patch});
+
+    my $fail_config = $test->{fail_config} // {};
+    my $storage_migrate_map = $test->{storage_migrate_map} // {};
+
+    if (my $targetstorage = $test->{opts}->{targetstorage}) {
+        $test->{opts}->{storagemap} =
+            PVE::JSONSchema::parse_idmap($targetstorage, 'pve-storage-id');
+    }
+
+    my $migrate_params = {
+        target => $test->{target},
+        vmid => $test->{vmid},
+        opts => $test->{opts},
+    };
+
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/nbd_info", to_json({}));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/source_volids", to_json($source_volids));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/target_volids", to_json($target_volids));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/vm_config", to_json($vm_config));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/vm_status", to_json($test->{vm_status}));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/expected_calls", to_json($test->{expected_calls}));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/fail_config", to_json($fail_config));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/storage_migrate_map", to_json($storage_migrate_map));
+    file_set_contents("${run_dir}/migrate_params", to_json($migrate_params));
+
+    $ENV{QM_LIB_PATH} = $QM_LIB_PATH;
+    $ENV{RUN_DIR_PATH} = $run_dir;
+    my $exitcode = run_command(
+        [
+            '/usr/bin/perl',
+            "-I${MIGRATE_LIB_PATH}",
+            "-I${MIGRATE_LIB_PATH}/test",
+            "${MIGRATE_LIB_PATH}/test/MigrationTest/QemuMigrateMock.pm",
+        ],
+        noerr => 1,
+        errfunc => sub { print "#$name - $_[0]\n" },
+    );
+
+    if (defined($expect_die) && $exitcode) {
+        my $log = file_get_contents("${run_dir}/log");
+        my @lines = split /\n/, $log;
+
+        my $matched = 0;
+        foreach my $line (@lines) {
+            $matched = 1 if $line =~ m/^err:.*\Q${expect_die}\E/;
+            $matched = 1 if $line =~ m/^warn:.*\Q${expect_die}\E/;
+        }
+        if (!$matched) {
+            fail($name);
+            note("expected error message is not present in log");
+        }
+    } elsif (defined($expect_die) && !$exitcode) {
+        fail($name);
+        note("mocked migrate call didn't fail, but it was expected to - check log");
+    } elsif (!defined($expect_die) && $exitcode) {
+        fail($name);
+        note("mocked migrate call failed, but it was not expected - check log");
+    }
+
+    my $expected_calls = decode_json(file_get_contents("${run_dir}/expected_calls"));
+    foreach my $call (keys %{$expected_calls}) {
+        fail($name);
+        note("expected call '$call' was not made");
+    }
+
+    if (!defined($expect_die)) {
+        my $nbd_info = decode_json(file_get_contents("${run_dir}/nbd_info"));
+        foreach my $drive (keys %{$nbd_info}) {
+            fail($name);
+            note("drive '$drive' was not mirrored");
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $actual = {
+        source_volids => decode_json(file_get_contents("${run_dir}/source_volids")),
+        target_volids => decode_json(file_get_contents("${run_dir}/target_volids")),
+        vm_config => decode_json(file_get_contents("${run_dir}/vm_config")),
+        vm_status => decode_json(file_get_contents("${run_dir}/vm_status")),
+    };
+
+    is_deeply($actual, $expected, $name);
+}
+
+done_testing();